Which variable in a biophysical profile assesses both the presence and quality of fetal movements?

The variable in a biophysical profile that assesses both the presence and quality of fetal movements is gross body movements. This aspect of the profile includes the observation of larger movements made by the fetus, such as rolling or kicking, which can indicate overall fetal well-being and neurological development. Additionally, gross body movements provide insight into the fetus’s muscle tone and coordination, serving as an important indicator of health during the later stages of pregnancy. Monitoring these movements is essential because a decrease in movement can be a sign of fetal distress or other complications necessitating further evaluation.

In contrast, fetal tone pertains to the fetus's muscle tone and the presence of active flexion and extension movements of its limbs. Fetal breathing refers to the diaphragm movements that can be observed, reflecting the practice of breathing without oxygen exchange. Amniotic fluid volume is assessed separately and indicates the environment in which the fetus is developing. While all variables provide valuable information about fetal health, it is the gross body movements that specifically combine assessment of both quantity and quality of movement.