Which serious side effect can be caused by Chlorpromazine?

Chlorpromazine is an antipsychotic medication that is commonly associated with the risk of developing neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is a potentially life-threatening condition. NMS is characterized by severe muscle rigidity, high fever, autonomic instability (such as blood pressure fluctuations and sweating), and altered mental status. This syndrome occurs due to the blockade of dopamine receptors, leading to an imbalance of neurochemical processes in the brain.

The onset of NMS can occur after the initiation of treatment, dose increases, or after the use of high-potency antipsychotics. It is essential for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for symptoms of NMS, especially during the early stages of treatment with chlorpromazine or comparable medications. If symptoms of NMS appear, immediate intervention is necessary, including discontinuation of the offending medication and supportive care.

The other options, while they may be serious conditions, are not directly associated with chlorpromazine to the same extent as NMS. Kidney failure, cardiac arrest, and hepatic failure may occur in patients for various reasons, but they are not recognized as specific side effects of chlorpromazine, particularly in the way that NMS is. Therefore, neuroleptic malignant syndrome stands out as a