What is the term for the spasmodic contraction of the bronchi?

The term for the spasmodic contraction of the bronchi is bronchospasm. This condition occurs when the muscles surrounding the bronchi constrict, leading to narrowing of the airways which can cause difficulty in breathing, wheezing, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Bronchospasm is often associated with conditions such as asthma or allergic reactions, where the airways are sensitive to various triggers, leading to this reflexive tightening.

Other terms listed in the options refer to different respiratory conditions. Atelectasis describes the collapse of lung tissue, reducing gas exchange. Pneumothorax involves the presence of air in the pleural space which can lead to lung collapse. Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which may lead to coughing and mucus production, but it is not characterized primarily by spasmodic contractions. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why bronchospasm is the appropriate term for this specific symptom.