What is the primary physiological change associated with glaucoma?

The primary physiological change associated with glaucoma is an increase in intraocular pressure. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that typically damage the optic nerve, which is essential for good vision. This damage is often caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

The increase in pressure can occur due to a buildup of fluid within the eye, either because the fluid is produced too much or not drained sufficiently. Over time, the pressure can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve fibers, leading to vision loss, potentially starting with peripheral vision and advancing to total blindness if not managed properly.

This relationship between increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage is what makes monitoring and managing intraocular pressure critical in patients diagnosed with glaucoma, often using medications, laser treatment, or surgery as necessary to maintain a safe pressure level and prevent complications.

Other options like a decrease in visual acuity, formation of cataracts, and retinal detachment may be consequences or associated conditions but do not represent the primary physiological change directly related to glaucoma itself.