What is the expected INR reference range for a client with pulmonary embolism?

For a client with pulmonary embolism, the expected International Normalized Ratio (INR) reference range is typically set higher than the normal therapeutic range to facilitate effective anticoagulation. In cases where anticoagulants such as warfarin are used to manage pulmonary embolism, the therapeutic INR range generally falls between 2.0 to 3.0 for standard indications, but it may be adjusted higher in certain situations, particularly for more complex cases or where there is a need to balance the risk of thrombotic events against the potential for bleeding complications.

An INR range of 2.5 to 3.5 can be appropriate for clients considered to have higher risks or for those who may have recurrent thromboembolic events. This range allows for sufficient anticoagulation to prevent further clot formation while maintaining a balance to prevent excessive bleeding.

In contrast, lower or higher ranges may not provide the level of anticoagulation needed to adequately address the risks associated with pulmonary embolism. Thus, the range of 2.5 to 3.5 is important for therapeutic effectiveness in these patients.