What is cataracts characterized by?

Cataracts are primarily characterized by increased opacity of the lens of the eye. This opacity results from the clouding of proteins within the lens, leading to a decrease in light transmission and, ultimately, impaired vision. As the lens becomes more opaque, individuals with cataracts often experience blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, and the perception of halos around lights. This condition is common with aging but can also result from factors such as diabetes, prolonged steroid use, trauma, or genetic predispositions.

The other choices do not accurately describe cataracts, as the lens does not decrease in size but rather remains the same shape while becoming cloudy. Improved visual acuity is contrary to the effects of cataracts, as the condition typically leads to vision deterioration. Additionally, separation of the retina refers to a different eye condition known as retinal detachment, which is not related to cataracts. Understanding the nature of cataracts, specifically their manifestation as increased opacity, is essential for effective diagnosis and management.