What is a significant consequence of damage to the alveoli in emphysema?

In emphysema, the primary consequence of damage to the alveoli is air trapping. The alveoli lose their elasticity and surface area for gas exchange, which hinders the normal exhalation process. When these structures become damaged, they fail to fully expel air from the lungs, leading to an accumulation of stale air. This trapped air reduces the lungs' capacity to take in fresh air, diminishing oxygen availability and making it difficult for the individual to breathe efficiently.

Additionally, due to the destruction of alveolar walls, the overall lung function is compromised, significantly affecting gas exchange. This air trapping contributes to hyperinflation of the lungs, which leads to an increase in work of breathing, often resulting in shortness of breath as the lungs and diaphragm struggle to operate effectively. Therefore, understanding the impact of alveolar damage is crucial in recognizing the symptoms and challenges faced by individuals with emphysema.