What complication can arise from a long bone fracture?

A long bone fracture can lead to a serious complication known as fat embolism syndrome. This occurs when fat globules from the bone marrow are released into the bloodstream, especially during the initial phases after the fracture. The fat globules can then travel to the lungs, brain, or other organs, where they can obstruct blood vessels and cause significant physiological disturbances.

Fat embolism typically manifests within 1 to 3 days after the injury and can lead to symptoms such as respiratory distress, altered mental status, or petechial rash, particularly around the eyes and neck. Recognizing this condition is crucial, as it can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly.

The other options, while they represent potential complications that can arise from fractures, do not convey the specific and critical risk associated with long bone fractures in the context of fat embolism. For instance, reduced blood flow can occur, but it is not as immediate and life-threatening as fat embolism. Similarly, nerve damage and localized infection can be complications, but the unique and significant risks posed by fat globules in the systemic circulation categorize it as a prominent concern following a long bone fracture.