What characterizes coarctation of the aorta?

Coarctation of the aorta is characterized by the narrowing of the aorta, which typically occurs just distal to the left subclavian artery. This condition results in increased blood pressure proximal to the site of the coarctation (in the upper body) and decreased blood pressure distal to the narrowing (in the lower body). Such a structural abnormality can lead to significant clinical symptoms and complications, including hypertension in the upper body, reduced blood flow to the lower body, and potential heart failure if left untreated.

The narrowing impacts blood flow and can result in an array of symptoms depending on the severity of the condition and the age of presentation. In most cases, the diagnosis is made through imaging studies, and management often requires surgical or interventional approaches to relieve the obstruction. Understanding this condition is crucial for recognizing and treating the associated complications effectively.