What are the major adverse effects of Gentamicin?

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. One of the key considerations when prescribing this medication is its potential for significant adverse effects, specifically nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Nephrotoxicity refers to damage to the kidneys, which is a major concern since many aminoglycosides can lead to impaired renal function. This toxicity is often dose-related and can manifest as elevated serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicating an inability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood effectively. Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential when a patient is receiving gentamicin.

Ototoxicity involves damage to the inner ear, which can result in hearing loss or balance issues. This effect is also dose-dependent and can be cumulative, meaning the risk increases with prolonged use or high doses. Symptoms may include tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and dizziness.

While the other listed options mention potential side effects that may occur with various medications, they are not the primary concerns associated with gentamicin. For instance, hepatotoxicity and vision changes, respiratory distress and rash, and hematologic effects and dizziness are not well-documented adverse effects specific to gentamicin