What are some common complications associated with obstructive sleep apnea?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep due to the obstruction of the upper airway. One of the most significant complications associated with OSA is hypertension. The repetitive episodes of apnea lead to transient awakenings, which cause increased sympathetic nervous system activity and can result in elevated blood pressure. Over time, this can contribute to the development of resistant hypertension.

Additionally, heart failure is another serious complication linked to OSA. The intermittent hypoxia and increased work of breathing create stress on the cardiovascular system. Chronic OSA can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually result in heart failure. The overall cardiovascular risk is significantly elevated in individuals suffering from untreated sleep apnea, necessitating careful management and treatment to mitigate these complications.

While other options mention conditions that may be associated with sleep issues, they do not specifically reflect the direct medical complications that are widely observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The close relationship between OSA, hypertension, and heart failure highlights the critical need for diagnosis and treatment of this condition to prevent long-term health consequences.