ACE inhibitors often have which common adverse effect?

ACE inhibitors are well-known for a common adverse effect of causing a persistent, nonproductive cough. This occurs in a subset of patients, likely due to the accumulation of bradykinin, a peptide that is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, the decreased breakdown of bradykinin can lead to irritation in the respiratory tract, resulting in a cough that is nonproductive, meaning it does not bring up sputum.

In considering the nature of this side effect, it's important to note that while a persistent productive cough is associated with other conditions or medications, the cough linked specifically to ACE inhibitors is nonproductive. This distinction is significant for healthcare providers when monitoring patients on these medications and addressing their concerns. Understanding this effect can guide clinicians in managing side effects, as well as determining whether a switch to another antihypertensive class, such as angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), may be warranted for patients who experience this adverse effect.

Other options like swelling of the abdomen or drowsiness are not commonly associated with ACE inhibitors. The cough is the more prevalent and characteristic side effect that practitioners are trained to monitor.